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GH-35600: [Python] Allow setting path to timezone db through python API (#37436)

### Rationale for this change

Add a function to change the path where timezone db should be found as a small wrapper around the setting of a C++ option `GlobalOptions`.

### What changes are included in this PR?

New function `configure_tzdb`.

### Are these changes tested?

### Are there any user-facing changes?

No.
* Closes: #35600

Lead-authored-by: AlenkaF <frim.alenka@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Antoine Pitrou <pitrou@free.fr>
Co-authored-by: Alenka Frim <AlenkaF@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@cozmixng.org>
Signed-off-by: Joris Van den Bossche <jorisvandenbossche@gmail.com>