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ARROW-15468: [R] [CI] A crossbow job that tests against DuckDB's dev branch

This adds the ability to run the R package checks with a version of DuckDB installed from their github and adds a nightly test of that.

It also removes the workaround we had in place that builds duckdb from github when it's not available as a binary.

Closes #12366 from jonkeane/ARROW-15468-duckdb-cleanup

Authored-by: Jonathan Keane <jkeane@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Keane <jkeane@gmail.com>