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GH-20047: [MATLAB] Enable GitHub Actions CI for MATLAB Interface on Windows (#35792)

### Rationale for this change
Currently GitHub Actions builds arrow/matlab on Linux and Mac but not on Windows. This change is to enable the build on Windows such that we have qualification coverage on all popular platforms.

### What changes are included in this PR?
The build on windows uses Ninja and Visual Studio to build. This submission is aimed to enable the CI on Windows. In the future, we'll try to build using Ninja and MinGW.

### Are these changes tested?
Yes. When I submitted the change, I verified that the Windows CI was enabled that tests were run successfully.

### Are there any user-facing changes?
No.

### Future Direction
On Windows, use Ninja+MinGW to build to remove the dependency on Visual Studio.

* Closes: #20047

Authored-by: Lei Hou <leihou@mathworks.com>
Signed-off-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>