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ARROW-8318: [C++][Dataset] Construct FileSystemDataset from fragments

* Simplified FileSystemDataset to hold a FragmentVector. Each Fragment must be a FileFragment and is checked at `FileSystemDataset::Make`.  Fragments are not required to use the same backing filesystem nor the same format.

* Removed `FileSystemDataset::format` and `FileSystemDataset::partitions`.

* Since FileInfo is not required by neither FileSystemDataset and FileSystemDatasetFactory, it is possible to create a dataset without any IO involved.

* Re-introduced the natural behavior of creating FileFragment with their full partition expressions instead of removing the ancestors common partitions.

* Added `Expression::IsSatisfiableWith` method.

* Added missing compression cmake options to archery.

* Ensure FileSource holds a shared_ptr<FileSystem> pointer. This is required to refactor FileSystemDataset to support Buffer FileSource and heterogeneous FileSystems.

* Rename `type` to `id`, following other classes.

Closes #7073 from fsaintjacques/ARROW-8318-fragment-in-dataset

Authored-by: François Saint-Jacques <fsaintjacques@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Kietzman <bengilgit@gmail.com>