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GH-42039: [Docs][Go] Fix broken link (#42040)



### Rationale for this change

Fix the broken link to the correct link due to a change in the path.

### What changes are included in this PR?

Updating link from the incorrect `go/` path to change in the path.

- old link: https://arrow.apache.org/adbc/main/driver/go/flight_sql.html#client-options
- new link: https://arrow.apache.org/adbc/main/driver/flight_sql.html#client-options

### Are these changes tested?

Yes. I have checked the link.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

Yes, the updated link will be visible to users.

* GitHub Issue: #42039

Authored-by: Hyunseok Seo <hsseo0501@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>