arrow

ARROW-17054: [R] Creating an Array from an object bigger than 2^31 results in an Array of length 0 (#14929)

This was a problem on both sides: the created `Array` really did have length 0 because of a cast to `int` on the way in, and on the way out, we were returning `int` from `array->length()` which wouldn't have been correct either. 

On the way in, we were using an imported C callable from the vctrs package: the C callable version of `vctrs::vec_size()`. This C callable took care of returning the correct value for normal vectors (`length()`), for data frames (`nrow()`), and for other classed vectors whose C concept of "length" was not the value returned at the R level (i.e., "record style vectors" like POSIXlt).

At the C++ conversion level, we don't handle record style vectors: they are handled via the `VctrsExtensionType` and C++ only sees the `vec_data()` (i.e., data.frame). Because of this, implementing our own `vec_size()` that also supports long vectors was not hard. This allowed removing the link to vctrs for now (until a time that need to use more of the exported C API).

On the way out, we already had the concept of `r_vec_size` from an earlier PR, we had just forgotten to use it in `Array__length()`.

Before this PR:

``` r
library(arrow, warn.conflicts = FALSE)

too_big <- raw(.Machine$integer.max + 1)
too_big_array <- Array$create(too_big)

length(too_big)
#> [1] 2147483648
length(too_big_array)
#> [1] 0
```

After this PR:

``` r
library(arrow, warn.conflicts = FALSE)

too_big <- raw(.Machine$integer.max + 1)
too_big_array <- Array$create(too_big)

length(too_big)
#> [1] 2147483648
length(too_big_array)
#> [1] 2147483648
```

Authored-by: Dewey Dunnington <dewey@voltrondata.com>
Signed-off-by: Dewey Dunnington <dewey@voltrondata.com>