arrow

GH-41910: [Python] Add support for Pyodide (#37822)

pyarrow knows about ARROW_ENABLE_THREADING and doesn't use threads if they are not enabled in libarrow.

Split from #37696 

* GitHub Issue: #41910

Lead-authored-by: Joe Marshall <joe.marshall@nottingham.ac.uk>
Co-authored-by: Joris Van den Bossche <jorisvandenbossche@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Raúl Cumplido <raulcumplido@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@cozmixng.org>
Signed-off-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>