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GH-41706: [C++][Acero] Enhance asof_join to work in multi-threaded execution by sequencing input (#44083)



### Rationale for this change
This is initial PR. I found that with specyfics parameters test fails.

### What changes are included in this PR?
In this PR I provoke fail of asof_join_node_test.

* GitHub Issue: #41706

Authored-by: kamilt <kamil.tokarek@secom.com.pl>
Signed-off-by: Weston Pace <weston.pace@gmail.com>