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GH-36500: [CI][Java][JAR] Remove Homebrew's protobuf (#36515)

### Rationale for this change

If we have Homebrew's protobuf is installed, it may be used on test.

### What changes are included in this PR?

Remove Homebrew's protobuf.

Another solution: Set `DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH`.

### Are these changes tested?

Yes.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

No.
* Closes: #36500

Authored-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>
Signed-off-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>