arrow

GH-33701: [C++] Add support for LTO (link time optimization) build (#33847)

### Rationale for this change

Some base type classes don't have hidden method implementations. It may define these classes in each translation unit. It may cause one-definition-rule violation with `-flto`.

### What changes are included in this PR?

Define at least one hidden method to prevent defining these base type classes in each translation unit.

### Are these changes tested?

How to reproduce:

```bash
CFLAGS="-flto" CXXFLAGS="-flto" cmake ...
cmake --build ...
```

This reports link errors without this change.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

No.
* Closes: #33701

Authored-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>
Signed-off-by: Yibo Cai <yibo.cai@arm.com>