arrow

GH-15058: [C++][Python] Native support for UUID (#37298)

### Rationale for this change

See #15058.
UUID datatype is common in throughout the ecosystem and Arrow as supporting it as a native type would reduce friction.

### What changes are included in this PR?

This PR implements logic for Arrow canonical extension type in C++ and a Python wrapper.

### Are these changes tested?

Yes.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

Yes, new extension type is added.
* Closes: #15058

Authored-by: Rok Mihevc <rok@mihevc.org>
Signed-off-by: Antoine Pitrou <antoine@python.org>