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GH-43964: [Python] Build macOS and manylinux wheels for free-threading (#43965)



### Rationale for this change

Building free-threaded wheels is necessary to support the free-threaded build. We probably want to upload these wheels as nightlies somewhere as well, so that downstream users can test the free-threading-related changes.

### What changes are included in this PR?

- Add necessary configuration to build 3.13 free-threading wheels on `manylinux`.
- Do necessary changes to build free-threaded wheels on macOS as well.

### Are these changes tested?

I tested the `manylinux` wheel builds. macOS is still untested, since it's not dockerized.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

No.

Related to #43536.
* GitHub Issue: #43964

Lead-authored-by: Lysandros Nikolaou <lisandrosnik@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Antoine Pitrou <antoine@python.org>
Signed-off-by: Antoine Pitrou <antoine@python.org>