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GH-44805: [Dev] Add `.editorconfig` file (#44870)

Add EditorConfig files for automatic text editor configuration. Only the most basic properties such as indent width are set.

Also remove `.dir-locals.el` files.

* GitHub Issue: #44805

Authored-by: Antoine Pitrou <antoine@python.org>
Signed-off-by: Antoine Pitrou <antoine@python.org>