arrow

GH-14828: [CI][Conda] Sync with conda-forge, fix nightly jobs (#14832)

Synching after https://github.com/conda-forge/arrow-cpp-feedstock/pull/875, which does quite a lot of things, see this [summary](https://github.com/conda-forge/arrow-cpp-feedstock/pull/875#pullrequestreview-1197658827). I'm not keeping the commit history here, but it might be instructive to check the commits there to see why certain changes came about.

It also fixes the CI that was broken by https://github.com/apache/arrow/commit/a3ef64b9583c3a92fac73e74e9e03e5d22a6d8f6 (undoing the changes of #14102 in `tasks.yml`).

Finally, it adapts to conda making a long-planned [switch](https://github.com/conda-forge/conda-forge.github.io/issues/1586) w.r.t. to the format / extension of the artefacts it produces.

I'm very likely going to need some help (or at least pointers) for the R-stuff. CC @ xhochy
(for context, I never got a response to https://github.com/conda-forge/r-arrow-feedstock/pull/55, but I'll open a PR to build against libarrow 10).

Once this is done, I can open issues to tackle the tests that shouldn't be failing, resp. the segfaults on PPC resp. in conjunction with `sparse`.
* Closes: #14828

Authored-by: H. Vetinari <h.vetinari@gmx.com>
Signed-off-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>