arrow

GH-39621: [CI][Packaging] Update vcpkg to 2023.11.20 release (#39622)



### Rationale for this change
Old version of vcpkg is blocking https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/39352

### What changes are included in this PR?
- Upgrade vcpkg 
- Fix ports patches
- Upgrade visual studio used in windows wheel builds. VS2019 is now required for the vcpkg `abseil` build. 
- Move `VCPKG_FORCE_SYSTEM_BINARIES` to be set before vcpkg install to fix vcpkg install on linux ARM. 
- Fix for LLVM 17 which requires that an executable exports "llvm_orc_registerEHFrameSectionWrapper()" and "llvm_orc_unregisterEHFrameSectionWrapper()". This effects the java builds that depend on llvm from vcpkg for gandiva. 
- Update image used for python wheel builds on windows to 2024-02-05

### Are these changes tested?
Does not change any behaviour so should be covered by existing tests

### Are there any user-facing changes?
There shouldn't be
* Closes: #39621

Lead-authored-by: Thomas Newton <thomas.w.newton@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@cozmixng.org>
Co-authored-by: Raúl Cumplido <raulcumplido@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>