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GH-34971: [Format] Add non-CPU version of C Data Interface (#34972)



### Rationale for this change
In order to support non-cpu devices and memory usage, we can add new `ArrowDeviceArray` and `ArrowDeviceArrayStream` structs to the C Data Interface in order to allow for handling these types of memory.

### What changes are included in this PR?
Definitions for a new `ArrowDeviceArray`, `ArrowDeviceArrayStream` and `ArrowDeviceType` enums.

* Closes: #34971

Lead-authored-by: Matt Topol <zotthewizard@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: David Li <li.davidm96@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Antoine Pitrou <pitrou@free.fr>
Co-authored-by: John Zedlewski <904524+JohnZed@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Gang Wu <ustcwg@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Matt Topol <zotthewizard@gmail.com>