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GH-44808: [C++][Parquet] Add `arrow::Result` version of `parquet::arrow::FileReader::GetRecordBatchReader()` (#44809)

### Rationale for this change

We're migrating `arrow::Status` + output variable API to `arrow::Result` API.

### What changes are included in this PR?

* Add `arrow::Result<std::unique_ptr<arrow::RecordBatchReader parquet::arrow::FileReader::GetRecordBatchReader()`
* Deprecate `arrow::Status parquet::arrow::FileReadeder::GetRecordBatchReader()`
* Use the added `arrow::Result` version in our code base

### Are these changes tested?

Yes.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

Yes.
* GitHub Issue: #44808

Authored-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>
Signed-off-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>