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GH-43840: [CI] Add cuda group to tasks.yml and minor updates for new cuda runner image (#43841)

### Rationale for this change

Trigger cuda jobs as a group on crossbow

### What changes are included in this PR?

Grouping of cuda tasks under `cuda` on tasks.yml.
We have also updated the cuda runner image used to https://github.com/voltrondata-labs/cuda-action-runner-builder/blob/bc1797368e02d98e4dc04de8afe41807e2171f3c/.github/workflows/cuda-dind-runners.yaml. It will run on Ubuntu 22.04, base Python is updated to 3.10, CUDA updated from 11.4.1 to 11.8.0

### Are these changes tested?

Via archery

### Are there any user-facing changes?

No
* GitHub Issue: #43840

Authored-by: Raúl Cumplido <raulcumplido@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Antoine Pitrou <antoine@python.org>