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GH-37999: [CI][Archery] Install python3-dev on ARM jobs to have access to Python.h (#38009)

### Rationale for this change
Currently CI on ARM is failing due to ruamel.yaml requiring Python.h

### What changes are included in this PR?

Install python3-dev

### Are these changes tested?

Yes, CI
### Are there any user-facing changes?

No
* Closes: #37999

Authored-by: Raúl Cumplido <raulcumplido@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jacob Wujciak-Jens <jacob@wujciak.de>