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ARROW-3018: [Plasma] Remove Mersenne twister

This removes the C++ random ObjectID generator. Having a global random number generator is not a good idea and with an existing random number generator, it is very easy to write code like:

```
std::string random_string = // Create random string of length ObjectID::size()
auto object_id = ObjectID::from_binary(random_string);
```

Author: Philipp Moritz <pcmoritz@gmail.com>

Closes #2400 from pcmoritz/fix-plasma-rng-seed and squashes the following commits:

b859abe <Philipp Moritz> add back regression test
2d5a820 <Philipp Moritz> fix
0faec01 <Philipp Moritz> introduce size
7eab510 <Philipp Moritz> fix random seed
36a180b <Philipp Moritz> fix
5cbea99 <Philipp Moritz> wtf python 2
1648e91 <Philipp Moritz> fix
abb7928 <Philipp Moritz> fix
68ae941 <Philipp Moritz> lint
240c203 <Philipp Moritz> add test-common.h
2961c94 <Philipp Moritz> fix
22e477e <Philipp Moritz> update
0803b61 <Philipp Moritz> remove ObjectID::from_random
2cb3c0f <Philipp Moritz> fix
2b00706 <Philipp Moritz> fix
15c628e <Philipp Moritz> add regression test
1463340 <Philipp Moritz> fix comment
b7f5167 <Philipp Moritz> use /dev/urandom
ad4361d <Philipp Moritz> cast
85c059c <Philipp Moritz> fix plasma rng seed