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GH-45380: [Python] Expose RankQuantileOptions to Python (#45392)

### Rationale for this change

`RankQuantileOptions` are currently not exposed on Pyarrow and CI job breaks when `-W error` is used.

### What changes are included in this PR?

Expose `RankQuantileOptions` and test options and kernel from pyarrow.

It also includes some minor refactor for the unwrap sort keys logic to move it into a common function.

### Are these changes tested?

Yes

### Are there any user-facing changes?

The options for the new kernel are exposed on pyarrow.
* GitHub Issue: #45380

Lead-authored-by: Raúl Cumplido <raulcumplido@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Antoine Pitrou <antoine@python.org>
Signed-off-by: Antoine Pitrou <antoine@python.org>