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GH-37182: [MATLAB] Add public `Schema` property to MATLAB `arrow.tabular.RecordBatch` class (#37184)

### Rationale for this change

To make it possible to query the field types and names of a `RecordBatch`, this pull request adds a public `Schema` property to the MATLAB `arrow.tabular.RecordBatch` class.

### What changes are included in this PR?

1. Added a new public `Schema` property to the `arrow.tabular.RecordBatch` MATLAB class.

```matlab
>> t = table(["A","B","C"]',[1,2,3]',[true,false,true]',VariableNames=["A", "B", "C"])

t =

  3x3 table

     A     B      C  
    ___    _    _____

    "A"    1    true 
    "B"    2    false
    "C"    3    true 

>> rb = arrow.recordbatch(t)

rb = 

A:   [
    "A",
    "B",
    "C"
  ]
B:   [
    1,
    2,
    3
  ]
C:   [
    true,
    false,
    true
  ]

>> schema = rb.Schema

schema = 

A: string
B: double
C: bool

>> schema.field(2).Name

ans = 

    "B"

>> schema.field(2).Type

ans = 

  Float64Type with properties:

    ID: Float64
```

### Are these changes tested?

Yes.

1. Added new test cases verifying that the `Schema` property works as expected to `tRecordBatch.m`.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

Yes.

1. There is now a public `Schema` property on the `arrow.tabular.RecordBatch` MATLAB class.
* Closes: #37182

Authored-by: Kevin Gurney <kgurney@mathworks.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Gurney <kgurney@mathworks.com>