onnxruntime

Enable CUDA EP unit testing on Windows (#20039)

### Description
Address build issues and source code discrepancies.
Fix cuda_test_provider gtest argument stack corruption.

### Motivation and Context
`OpTester` class that is widely used for kernel testing is not
suitable for testing internal classes for EPs that are built as shared
objects.
Currently, CUDA EP tests run only on Linux.
We want to enable testing and developments on Windows,
and create a usable pattern for testing of other EPs internals.

Alternatives considered: 
Abstracting EP unit tests into separate test executable such as
`onnxruntime_test_all`.
This alternative was rejected as it would create a lot more changes in
the established patterns,
and potentially interfere with CUDA functionality with more complex
source code maintanence.